{"id":191,"date":"2020-04-14T11:36:47","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T11:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/?page_id=191"},"modified":"2026-04-06T17:13:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T17:13:52","slug":"%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%8c%cf%86%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%be%ce%b7-%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1%cf%82-%ce%b1%ce%bc%cf%86%ce%b9%ce%b2%ce%bb%ce%b7%cf%83%cf%84%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%bf%cf%8d%cf%82","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/en\/%ce%b1%cf%80%cf%8c%cf%86%cf%81%ce%b1%ce%be%ce%b7-%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b1%cf%82-%ce%b1%ce%bc%cf%86%ce%b9%ce%b2%ce%bb%ce%b7%cf%83%cf%84%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%bf%cf%8d%cf%82\/","title":{"rendered":"Retina artery occlusion"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_pb_row_3-4_1-4 et_block_row et_block_row_3-4_1-4\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3_4 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/logo-high-res-300.jpg\" width=\"900\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/logo-high-res-300.jpg 900w, https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/logo-high-res-300-480x75.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 900px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-720\" title=\"logo high res 300\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>Retina artery occlusion<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retinal artery occlusion refers to the blockage of the artery that carries oxygen to the nerve cells in the retina at the back of the eye. Lack of oxygen supply to the retina can lead to serious vision loss.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Symptoms<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retinal artery occlusion is usually associated with sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye. The area of \u200b\u200bthe retina affected by the blocked vessels determines the area and extent of vision loss.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Occlusion of the main retinal artery (CRAO) often results in severe vision loss. However, about 25% of people who develop CRAO have an additional artery called the cilioretinal artery in the retina.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A blockage in a smaller artery is called a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). This can cause the loss of part of your visual field. If the affected area is not in the center of the eye or is relatively small, a BRAO may go unnoticed without symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Causes<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Retinal artery occlusion occurs due to blockage, often by an embolus (a small piece of cholesterol that blocks blood flow) or a clot. Retinal artery occlusion can be temporary, lasting only a few seconds or minutes, if the blockage is relieved and blood flow to the retina is restored, or it can be permanent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common risk factors include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carotid artery disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atherosclerosis\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial heart valves\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heart tumors<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arrhythmia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intravenous drug use<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giant-cell arteriitis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clotting disease such as sickle cell anaemia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oral contraceptive use<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Homocystinuria (an inherited disorder that prevents your body from processing the amino acid methionine. This leads to an excessive buildup of homocysteine \u200b\u200bin the blood and urine)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Platelet disorders<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most patients with retinal artery occlusion are over 60 years old and are more often men than women. Only 1% to 2% of cases involve both eyes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CRAO is usually diagnosed by examining the retina, which shows a \"corneal patch,\" where the center of the macula appears red, with the surrounding retina pale due to lack of blood flow. BRAO appears as an area of \u200b\u200bsuperficial retinal whitening along the occluded vessel<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retinal bleaching generally lasts 4 to 6 weeks before resolving. Fluorescein angiography (FA) shows delayed filling of the retinal arteries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed images of the central retina and shows swelling of the inner layers of the retina in the affected area, which over time atrophies, becoming much thinner than normal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Treatment and outcome<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, there is no clinically proven cure for CRAO. Several treatments can be used, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anterior chamber puncture (removal of fluid from the front of the eye with a small-gauge needle) to reduce intraocular pressure and remove the piston<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reducing intraocular pressure with medication<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eye massage with the thumb to remove the clot<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, for any treatment to be potentially effective in CRAO, it must be applied within a short period of time, probably within 4 to 6 hours of symptom onset. Unfortunately, none of these treatments have been shown to improve the natural history of the disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thrombolytic therapy, administered either intravenously or directly through the ophthalmic artery, has also been tried, but clinical trials have not shown this treatment to be effective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important aspect of managing retinal artery occlusion is for your doctor to identify and manage risk factors that may lead to other vascular diseases. The risk factors for CRAO are the same atherosclerosis risk factors as for stroke and heart disease. Tests are important to try to identify the source of the clot from another part of the body. These tests include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carotid ultrasound to determine if there are carotid plaques<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiac ultrasound to look for heart valve disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The doctor may also order a measurement of your blood sedimentation rate and a temporal artery biopsy, which may be useful if giant cell arteritis is suspected.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vision loss in CRAO is usually severe. Visual field loss in BRAO is usually permanent, but central visual acuity may be as good as 20\/40 or better in 80% of eyes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The formation of new blood vessels in the retina or iris that are prone to bleeding is a rare complication seen after CRAO or BRAO. The growth of these vessels can further reduce vision by causing vitreous hemorrhage and glaucoma. If this occurs, laser photocoagulation therapy is used to create burns in the area of \u200b\u200bthe blocked artery to try to reduce the oxygen demand of the retina and thus stop the growth of the abnormal blood vessels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case, intravenous injections of anti-VEGF drugs such as Avastin\u00ae (bevacizumab), Lucentis\u00ae (ranibizumab) or Eylea\u00ae (aflibercept) can also be used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_animated et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ophthalmo-iasis.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/eye-doctor-05.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"611\" 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